Journal of energy and power engineering 9 2015 632647 doi. Cyber intrusions on the electric grid have resulted in malware on ics networks with the capability of causing damage. Recently, several research works have been conducted to address smart grid security, privacy and trust issues by blockchain. Cyber security of smart grids in india the centre for. Pdf a survey on cyber security for smart grid communications. Index terms smart grid, cyberattacks, vulnerabilities, confidentiality, availability, integrity, accountability, ids, cryptography, network security. Many of the technologies being deployed to support smart grid projectssuch as smart meters, sensors, and advanced communications networkscan make the grid more vulnerable to attack. While some solutions were proposed to solve security issues in the smart grid, vulnerabilities still exist. Best practices for handling smart grid cyber security is the final report for the smart grid information assurance and security technology assessment project contract number 500. Smart grid security threats classification by sources. Hamed mohsenianrad communications and control in smart grid texas tech university 8 according to the u. Three main security objectives must be incorporated in the smart grid system. Manimaran govindarasu and adam hann iowa state university. Vol 1, smart grid cyber security strategy, architecture, and highlevel requirements, and as a result, their ics have different objectives than typical it systems.
Index termssmart grid, power grid, survey, energy, information, communications, management, protection, security, privacy. Major deliverables have been produced in the areas of smart grid architecture, cybersecurity. Threats, vulnerabilities and solutions abstract for article. Also benefit would be gained by intergroup engagement with the smart. As part of the development of smart grid, these control systems are becoming more sophisticated, allowing for better control and higher reliability. Control nets run over or tunneled though public networks attack channel, or subject to broader. Prepared for the project the future grid to enable sustainable energy systems funded by the u. Smart grid architecture smart grid information exchange smart grid standards examples dr. The national institute of standards and technology nist has defined three criteria required to maintain the security of information in the smart grid and keep it protected, specifically confidentiality, integrity, and availability. In this paper, we survey the latest on smart grid security. Ensuring a secured smart grid involves with a less possibility of power grid collapse or equipment malfunction. It requires security frame works for distributed communications, pervasive computing and sensing technologies in smart grid. Enisa works with these groups to develop advice and recommendations on good.
This document issued on august 2010 is the smart grid interoperability panel cyber security working groups sgipcswgs report for individuals and organizations who will be addressing cyber security for smart grid systems. They classified attacks based upon the type of the network, namely, home area network han, neighborhood. You will get a feel for the issues surrounding it, the challenges ahead, the countless opportunities it presents and. Enhancing smart grid cyber security in the age of information warfare 1 introduction a s. Security aspects of the smart grid chapters 7, 8, and 9 provide an overview on the policy context and the security standards that are being defined at the level of smart grid security.
Besides, an outlook on the main security initiatives at the eulevel is presented. Security implications of the electric smart grid 20140904. This chapter explains how to secure the smart grid by using the security methodologies and practices described in earlier chapters. Applied cyber security and the smart grid sciencedirect. Smart grid cyber security potential threats, vulnerabilities. For the smart protection system, we explore various failure protection mechanisms which improve the reliability of the smart grid, and explore the security and privacy issues in the smart grid. Cybersecurity and the smarter grid department of energy. Joel is a voting member of the isa99 committee on industrial security for control systems, and was a lead contributor to the isa99 technical report on the stuxnet malware. Security requirements the availability of electric power in north america depends in part on the availability of the power grid control systems. Abstract the smart grid, generallyreferredto as the nextgenerationpowersystem, is considered asa revolutionaryand evolutionary regime of existing power grids. Last, a number of mathematical tools that can help in analyzing and implementing security solutions are introduced. Although smart grid improves the quality of grids services, it exposes the grid to the cyber security threats that communication networks suffer from in addition to other novel threats because of power grids nature. Smart grid security is crucial to maintain stable and reliable power system operation during the contingency situation due to the failure of any critical power system component. Integration of the power grid with computing devices and networks has had a profound effect on the security of the smart grid.
Although deploying the smart grid has enormous social and technical benefits, several security and privacy concerns arise. This threevolume report, guidelines for smart grid cybersecurity, presents an analytical framework that organizations can use to develop effective cybersecurity strategies tailored to their particular combinations of smart gridrelated characteristics, risks, and vulnerabilities. Having identified various threats and challenges faced by the grid system, the threats must be welldefined and an encompassing approach towards the operational security provisions must be laid and followed. Although smart grid improves the quality of grid s services, it exposes the grid to the cyber security threats that communication networks suffer from in addition to other novel threats because of power grid s nature. The principal goal of the open dialogue is to identify the main concerns regarding the security of smart grids as well as to recognize and support national, paneuropean and international initiatives on smart grid security. We highlight the complexity of the smart grid network and discuss the vulnerabilities specific to this huge heterogeneous network. Smart grid topic 2 smart grid department of electrical. Security implications of the electric smart grid 201409. One of the overarching goals of the future research is to develop a comprehensive cyber. As part of the development of smart grid, these control systems are becoming more. Milpitas ca 95035 4083167853 infineon technologies america may 11th, 2016. Smart grid research, reports and presentations nist.
The integration of advanced network, communications, and computing techniques allows for the enhancement of efficiency and reliability. The traditional electrical power grid is currently evolving into the smart grid. Pdf cyber security in smart grid systems is becoming a major concern throughout the grid communication networks and software platforms. This document reports about the works of smart grid cyber security work group in the computer security division of nist.
Smart grid generally refers to a class of technologies that people are using to bring utility electricity delivery systems into the 21st century, using computerbased remote control and automation. The smart grid is an alliance of hardware, management and reporting collection of programs. This document is annex 2 of 5 to the enisa study smart grid security. These include ensuring the health and safety of human. However, the prevalence of internet access in most homes has made the smart grid. In this survey, we examine the cyber security aspects of phasor measurement devices in a smart grid, and develop a taxonomy of attacks to be used in the evaluation and analysis of smart grid. Smart grid cyber security potential threats, vulnerabilities and risks is the interim report for the smart grid information assurance and security technology assessment project contract number 500. Discusses the security vulnerabilities associated with smart power grid. Security fact sheet safeguarding data through smarter technology comed is modernizing the energy grid to improve reliability and provide better service. Due to its robustness, smart grid can accommodate en.
Ieee guide for smart grid interoperability ieee p2030 provides reference models for. Sep 04, 2014 reliability and safety are of paramount importance in electric power systems nist, 2010a, guidelines for smart grid security. Ieee has been at the forefront of the global smart grid movement since the development of the smart grid concept. This threevolume report, guidelines for smart grid cybersecurity, presents an analytical framework that organizations can use to develop effective cybersecurity strategies tailored to their particular combinations of smart grid related characteristics, risks, and vulnerabilities.
An analysis of smart grid attacks and countermeasures. A comprehensive analysis of smart grid systems against. Pdf communication security for smart grid distribution networks. Hamed mohsenianrad communications and control in smart grid texas tech university 33 interoperability is the capability of two or more networks, systems. Nrel smart grid educational series webinar hardware security for smart grid end point devices shrinath eswarahally ev senior staff engineer security shrinath. Cisco grid security solutions deliver an integrated, converged approach to security that. You will learn what the smart grid is and what it is not. This report outlines policy recommendations that build upon the energy independence and security act of 2007 and the obama administrations smart grid investments to foster longterm investment, job growth, innovation, and help consumers save money.
The smart grid, which is known as the nextgeneration power grid, uses twoway flows of electricity and information to create a widely distributed automated energy delivery network. The smart grid and cybersecurity regulatory policy and. Pdf smart grid security is crucial to maintain stable and reliable power system operation during the contingency situation due to the failure of any. Draft report on the nist framework and roadmap for smart grid. Best practices for handling smart grid cyber security. Jun 22, 2016 potential solution approaches that can help mitigate these threats are then discussed. The smart grid interoperability panel cyber security working group.
Cyber security in the smart grid is a crucial issue that attracted the attention of researchers and industry professionals. Cybersecurity and the smarter grid reliability remains a fundamental principle of grid modernization efforts, but in todays world, reliability requires cybersecurity. The selection from applied cyber security and the smart grid book. You will get a feel for the issues surrounding it, the challenges ahead, the countless opportunities it presents and the benefits we all stand to gain. In short, the smart grid is going to happen, and its going to happen soon. Utilities must consider smart grid security, including vulnerable areas, strategic issues, the layered. Section 2 provides a brief overview of smart grid cyber security. Many people think of the smart grid as a power distribution group built on advanced smart meteringbut thats just one aspect of a much larger and more complex system. Though blockchain in smart grid is a new area of research, it has attracted already signi. Its understandablethe grid as we know it today already relies on a wide variety of. In particular, the years 20072010 have seen cyber security become increasingly.
To achieve goals envisaged in the roadmap, the government of india established the national smart grid mission in the year 2015 for planning, monitoring and implementation of policies and programs related to smart grid activities. The smart grid cyber security was then discussed, which covered i smart grid cyber security challenges, ii emerging smart grid cyber security technologies, iii compliance versus security, and iv smart grid cyber security standards. Smart grid cyber security for europe sciencedirect. The purpose of this book is to give readers in plain language a fix on the current position of the smart grid and its adoption. The smart grid and cybersecurityregulatory policy and issues congressional research service 2 authorities1 which integrate resource plans ahead of time, maintain loadinterchange generation balance within a balancing authority area, and support interconnection frequency in realtime. It lays plans for a framework to address cyber security concerns in smart grids as well. Ieees smart grid website provides information, resources and expertise about smart grid.
The smart grid is the next generation of power and distribution systems. Cisco grid security solutions deliver an integrated, converged approach to security. A classification of power system communication psc systems according to their requirements is given in section 5. Pdf cyber security of smart grid infrastructure researchgate. This article was published in the international journal of renewable energy and smart grid ijresg, vol. Significant policy gaps exist in the field of grid cyber security.
The cybersecurity for smart grid systems project is moving forward to address the critical cybersecurity needs by promoting technology transfer of best practices, standards and voluntary guidance, and research in the areas of applied cryptography and cybersecurity for microgrids. We discuss then the challenges that exist in securing the smart grid network and how the current security solutions. Organizations in the diverse community of smart grid stakeholdersfrom utilities to providers of energy. Many methods are explained, including endpoint protection, securing individual zones within the smart grid architecture, data and application security, and situational awareness. The security issues associated with the smart grid include the following. The increasing importance of security for the smart grid. Smart grid integrates the traditional electrical power grid with information and communication technologies ict. Thus, smart grid reduces the power losses and increases the efficiency of electricity generation and distribution.
Although the eu has promoted socalled smart grid technologies since 2005, it has yet to realize its. This article is a survey of smart grid literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the smart grid. Four such instances of cyber security breaches are highlighted in this report. Smart grid cyber security should be a significant consideration for the smart grids forum. Sep 16, 20 this report details the cyber security vulnerabilities that exist in the smart grid value chain, the efforts undertaken by certain countries to mitigate these vulnerabilities, and the measures that need to be implemented going forward. Smart grid technology is an extended form of analog technology that has also been introduced for controlling the use of appliances by employing twoway communication.
In section iii, risk assessment process along with analysis of various security threats in the smart grid cyber infrastructure and its associated impact in system operation has been presented, the need for data privacy and consumer protection has been highlighted in section iv. Index terms smart grid, power grid, survey, energy, information, communications, management, protection, security, privacy. In 20, hackers gained control over the port computer system in antwerp, using the records to locate and smuggle oil containers, then delete their tracks once the operation was complete. What follows are selected quotations reprinted with permission from etp, engineering and technology publishing. Security remains to be one of the most important issues in smart grid systems given the danger and inconvenience residents and companies alike might encounter if the grid falls under attack. The concept of a smart grid is that of a digital upgrade of distribution and long distance transmission grids to both optimize current operations by reducing the losses, as well as open up new markets for alternative energy production. Pdf the smart grid, generally referred to as the nextgeneration power system, is considered as a revolutionary and evolutionary regime of existing. Reliability and safety are of paramount importance in electric power systems nist, 2010a, guidelines for smart grid security. A smart grid is an umbrella term that covers moder nization of both the transmission and distribution grids. Arguably, the greatest cyber threats to the grid have been intrusions focused on manipulating industrial control system ics networks. This is then followed by discussing security of power systems and cyberattacks. Nist framework and roadmap for smart grid interoperability standards, details progress made in phases ii and iii of nist s threephase plan since the establishment of the smart grid interoperability panel sgip in november 2009. Jun 08, 2015 smart grid seminar and ppt with pdf report.
Big data analytics cyber security of the smart grid rural electrification, microgrids and renewables global approach to an integrated and smarter grid one challenge that the ieee smart grid committee faced early on for practically all of its activities was how to. With the adoption of security features in smart grid, the network is safer from cyberattack and any unwanted tampering and natural disaster. This article discusses energy sector partnerships that are designing cybersecurity into the smart grid with the vision of. A smart grid can help utilities conserve energy, reduce costs, increase reliability and transparency, and make processes more efficient.
Security and privacy in smart grid asmaa abdallah springer. The increasing use of itbased electric power systems, however, increases cyber security vulnerabilities, which increases cyber security s importance. Introduction traditionally, the term grid is used for an electricity system. This springerbrief addresses the main security concerns for smart grid, e. Security aspects of the smart grid about enisa the european network and information security agency enisa is a centre of network and information security expertise for the eu, its member states, the private sector and europes citizens.
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